The diagram shows the main internal parts of the assembly. 

O :- The entire housing contains oil for its electrical insulating and thermal cooling properties.

N :- A rubber diaphragm allows the oil to expand and contract without increasing the internal pressure.

T: - X-ray tube body is wholly contained in the assembly housing except for the window where the x-rays emerge. 

K :- Two cathode heaters are provided.  Each have different electron beam properties. 

A :-  Target anode. The anode in most modern x-ray tubes rotate. This reduces the affect of heating on the anode surface by the incident electron beam. 

R :- The rotor and bearings are part of the anode assembly and are fully contained inside the evacuated X-ray tube body. 

S :- Stator coils are mounted on the outside of the tube. Their magnetic field drives the rotor and therefore spins the anode when operational.

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X-ray tube assembly continued..